The Department of Defense (DoD) has long relied on modeling and simulation (M&S) to inform its decisions across a broad range of activities, from operational planning to technological development. DoD Instruction 5000.61, effective as of September 17, 2024, sets forth the latest framework for the verification, validation, and accreditation (VV&A) of M&S, ensuring that these models are reliable and credible for their intended uses. This new iteration of the instruction builds upon previous guidance and reflects the need for flexibility, standardization, and a risk-based approach to VV&A. The update aims to improve the quality and credibility of the simulations used in critical defense decisions, highlighting the DoD’s continued commitment to adapting its policies to meet emerging challenges.

The new instruction underscores the importance of integrating VV&A processes across the entire life cycle of M&S, with verification and validation (V&V) activities required from initial development through implementation. This ensures that models and simulations are rigorously tested for accuracy at each stage of their use. VV&A must be adapted to the specific context in which the simulation will be applied, balancing risk, impact, and the importance of the decisions being informed by the model. The instruction mandates that all DoD components adhere to these guidelines and work in collaboration to ensure that shared data and models meet the highest standards of reliability.

One of the critical updates in this instruction is the introduction of more detailed documentation requirements. Documentation must now clearly identify the context, version, and intended use of the model or simulation being verified, validated, and accredited. The documentation must also provide thorough records of the V&V activities performed and their outcomes. Additionally, results of accreditation assessments must be clearly outlined, ensuring transparency in the process. This increased focus on documentation enables greater accountability and fosters collaboration across DoD components, as VV&A results will be accessible for review and reuse by other agencies.

The instruction also introduces standards for the reuse of models, simulations, and data across different DoD components. This reflects an understanding that interoperability and data sharing are essential to maximizing the value of M&S. The reuse of validated models can reduce costs and development times, but it also comes with the requirement that VV&A activities for these reused models be clearly documented and that any risks associated with reuse be understood and mitigated. The ability to share reliable and verified models across the DoD is a significant step forward in fostering a more collaborative approach to M&S.

Another key aspect of DoD Instruction 5000.61 is its emphasis on uncertainty quantification and the maturity of models. The instruction calls for methods to assess the confidence and maturity of a model based on its use history and previous validation efforts. This helps to quantify the risks associated with using a particular model, ensuring that decision-makers have a clear understanding of the limitations and uncertainties inherent in the simulation. The incorporation of uncertainty quantification into the accreditation process is a major advancement in how the DoD approaches M&S, providing a more nuanced understanding of model reliability.

The responsibilities outlined in the instruction are clear, with the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (USD(R&E)) playing a central role in coordinating VV&A activities across the DoD. The USD(R&E) is tasked with promoting standardization and communication between DoD components, ensuring that VV&A policies are implemented consistently. The instruction also requires the establishment of cooperative research initiatives to advance VV&A technologies, further underscoring the DoD’s commitment to improving the quality and reliability of its M&S tools.

The implications of DoD Instruction 5000.61 extend far beyond improving the technical quality of models and simulations. As M&S continues to play a critical role in defense decision-making, this instruction ensures that these tools are subject to the highest standards of scrutiny. The requirement for extensive documentation and a risk-based approach to accreditation will help to build trust in the models used by the DoD, particularly as simulations become more complex and integral to national security.

Additionally, the flexibility built into the VV&A process allows for tailored approaches depending on the specific context and risks associated with a model’s use. This flexibility is key to ensuring that VV&A activities do not become overly burdensome while still maintaining the rigor needed for high-stakes decision-making. By emphasizing collaboration, transparency, and adaptability, DoD Instruction 5000.61 sets a new standard for how models and simulations are developed, validated, and accredited within the DoD.